![]() The eight muscles which the trigeminal motor nerve innervates are the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor velialatine, and anterior belly of digastric. Then, ask the patient to open against resistance. To test the motor supply of patients, ask them to clench their teeth together while observing and feeling the bulk of the masseter and temporalis muscles. The common abnormalities include brain tumor, hemorrhagic brain disease, stroke, and local eye disease damaging the muscles of ocular motion. When the patient cannot track motion this means neurologic damage involving cranial nerves III, IV, or VI. ![]() This is done by asking the patient to keep their head perfectly still directly in front of you, you should draw two large joining H’s in front of them using your finger and ask them to follow your finger with their eyes. These three nerves are tested together as the control movement of the eye. Like what you’re learning? Explore our online, postgraduate Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine degrees.ģ.) Oculomotor, Trochlear and Abducent Nerves (III, IV, VI) The common abnormalities include neuritis (related with loss of myelin), glaucoma and autoimmune conditions. This is done by shining a pen torch into one eye and check that the pupils on both sides constrict. In this abbreviated exam we will test only reflex response for direct and concentric reflex to bright light. The olfactory nerve can be tested using products with specific spices, so the patient can recognize the differences however, usually just asking the patient: “Do you recognize different aromas?” is enough. The olfactory is a sensory nerve, and damage in the nasal epithelium or the basal gangliamight impair the ability to discriminate different smells. ![]() The following equipment is required for a Cranial Nerve Examination:
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